接続詞(従属)
逆接を表す接続詞
要点although / though
文法の意味
although・though・even thoughを使うと、ある事実から普通は予想しにくい結果が起きたことを一文で伝えられる
標準的なalthough、会話的なthough、予想とのずれを強調するeven thoughを分けます。
使い方・使い分け
文体と強調の度合いから譲歩の接続詞を選ぶ
標準的なら although、カジュアルなら though、強調なら even though。
- although
- 標準的 — Although it was cold, we went outside.
- though
- ややカジュアル・文末でも使える — Though he was tired, he kept working.
- even though
- 予想とのギャップを強調 — Even though it was raining, he went jogging.
後ろが文か名詞かで、although と despite を選ぶ
後ろに文が続くか、名詞が続くかで使い分けます。
- although / though
- 接続詞・後ろは文 — although it was raining
- despite / in spite of
- 前置詞・後ろは名詞 / 動名詞 — despite the rain
文法の形
文頭に置くときはカンマを入れます。
Although it was cold, we went outside.
We went outside although it was cold.
Despite the rain, we went outside.
Despite feeling tired, he kept working.
文法のルール
although と but を同じつなぎ目に重ねない。
補足：同じ2つの内容を逆接でつなぐときは、どちらか一方を使う。
よくある間違い
Although he was tired, but he kept working.
基本の形
Although he was tired, he kept working.
although で文をつないでいるので、同じつなぎ目に but は置きません。although か but のどちらか一方を使います。
逆接を強めたいときは even though を使う。very は付けない。
よくある間違い
Very although it was cold, we went outside.
基本の形
Even though it was cold, we went outside.
although を強めたいときは very ではなく even though を使います。very は形容詞・副詞を強める語で、接続詞には付きません。
although の後ろは文にする。名詞だけなら despite を使う。
よくある間違い
Although the rain, he went jogging.
基本の形
Although it was raining, he went jogging. / Despite the rain, he went jogging.
although の後ろには逆接を表す文を続けます。名詞だけを置きたいときは前置詞句の despite / in spite of を使います。
although は接続詞。文頭で独立させたいときは however を使う。
よくある間違い
I was tired. Although, I kept working.
基本の形
I was tired. However, I kept working. / Although I was tired, I kept working.
although は接続詞なので、文と文を「. Although,」でつなぐことはできません。文の頭で逆接を切り出すには however を使います。
10秒チェック
「寒かったけれど、私たちは外出しました」を although の文を先にして表すと、どうなりますか。